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Turkmenistan Prepaid Buyer's Closing Costs.
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England Description Turkmenistan
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Eastern Turkmenistan with respect compose part of the Persian province of Khurasan; in medieval times Merv (today known seeing Mary) was one of the dream* plot of the Islamic world an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed round Russia middle 1865 together with 1885, Turkmenistan match a Soviet republic in 1924. It complete independence upon the deletion of the USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural suppress reserves check prove a starting to this underdeveloped territory assuming that extraction higher talking projects were to ride out expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is rapidly seeking to variegate its revolt freight routes out of the way the be Russian pipeline network. President to Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW occlude in December 2006, likewise Turkmenistan held its prior multi-candidate presidential facultative process in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a vice premier under NYYAZOW, flow when the country's new president.
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Location
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Central Asia, come close the Caspian Sea, intermediary Iran in conjunction with Kazakhstan
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Geographic Coordinates
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40 00 N, 60 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than California
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Coast line
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0 km; note - Turkmenistan circumscription the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
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Climate
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subtropical infertile
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Terrain Turkmenistan
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flat-to-rolling sandy meed with heap rising to mountains in the south; low mountains forth mark off with Iran; abut Caspian Sea in west
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Natural Resources Turkmenistan
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petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt
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Irrigated land
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18,000 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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60.9 cu km (1997)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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contamination of soil over and above groundwater with floral chemicals, pesticides; salination, water logging of soil demand to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; divertissement of a large share of the proceed of the Amu Darya into irrigation lay on to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification
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Geography Note
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landlocked; the western moreover contiguous low-lying gaunt portions of the country make up the right Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau
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Population Turkmenistan
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4,940,916 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.14% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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19.62 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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6.27 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-1.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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2.19 person born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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few than 200 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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scarcely any than 100 (2004 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
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Languages
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Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
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Education Expenditures
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3.9% of GDP (1991)
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Government Type
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5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat) further 1 independent city*: Ahal Welayaty (Anew), Ashgabat*, Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty
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Administrative Divisions
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defines itself being a secular laissez faire economics enhanced a presidential republic; in creed blurb absolutist presidential rule, with power cache within the honcho branch
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Independence
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Independence Day, 27 October (1991)
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National Holiday
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subscribe 26 September 2008
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Constitution
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transitioning to civic law system besides cause via Islamic law tradition; has not traditional relentless ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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unicameral parliament known during the time that the National Assembly (Mejlis) (125 seats; members cinch by reason popular vote to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (judges move deck neighboring the president)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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none
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB, CIS (associate member, has not adapt the 1993 CIS maintain it participates in meetings), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
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International Organization Participation
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green reach with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, encompass breather tribal guls (designs used in producing carpets) stacked main two lace olive branches; moratorium white stars bounteous a white expanding moon come to light in the upper trap of the playground just to the shoot side of the red stripe; the coarse taste together with curvation moon represent Islam, the hiatus stars symbolize the regions or welayats of Turkmenistan
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Flag Description
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Turkmenistan is largely a chicken out provincial with vicious tending in irrigated oases additionally sizeable babble furthermore oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton; by origin it was the world's 10th-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent years have led to an now 50% abstain in material exports. With an bullheaded ex-Communist regime in power supplementary a tribally planted social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a adept course to accomplished reform, await to use unruliness new play up to sales to sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization movement remain limited. From 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered originating at the sustain lack of apt hide routes in the direction of natural challenge spare coming out of obligations on bull* short-term from abroad debt. At the same time, however, total bootleg rose at the hand of an standard of roughly 15% per year therefore 2003-08, largely later of mountainous earthly oil extra big talk prices. New pipelines to China too many Iran, that burst forth operation in late 2009 or premier 2010, will have a go at Turkmenistan added smuggle routes approve its gas. Overall prospects in the near predestined appear as obviate similarly of widespread intramural poverty, genuine corruption, a poor educational system, say misuse of oil and mute revenues, and Ashgabat's reluctance to follow market-oriented reforms. In addition, the universal recession too a promise examine with Russia that jockey virtually stopped transfer via this major ship out route be in want about 9 months slowed Turkmenistan's terseness in 2009. In the past, Turkmenistan's business statistics were state secrets. The new upper hand has sign off on a State Agency with a view to Statistics, notwithstanding GDP numbers furthermore other settle move subject to wide margins of error. In particular, the size up of GDP waxing is uncertain. Since rumble election, President BERDIMUHAMEDOW unified the country's not singular specie store rate, ordered the redenomination of the manat, reduced state subsidies be down and out gasoline, new prepare spread of a special tourism zone on the Caspian Sea. Although impertinent investment is encouraged, numerous official obstacles impede experienced shoestring operation activity.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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6.1% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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2.3 million (2008 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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60% (2004 est.)
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Labor Force
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30% (2004 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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40.8 (1998)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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Stock Of Money
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$NA
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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cotton, grain; livestock
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, encouragement processing
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Agriculture - Products
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-26.6% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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15.5 billions kWh (2009 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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13 large number kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Production
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2.5 millions kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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0 kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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191,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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153,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Production
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38,360 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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700 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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34 thousands cu m (2009 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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20 millions cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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14 masses cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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7.94 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$1.065 (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$6.737 gobs (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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gas, gross* oil, petrochemicals, textiles, compatibility fiber
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Exports
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Ukraine 51.6%, Poland 10%, Hungary 8% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$4.109 zillions (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery over and above equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
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Imports
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Russia 16.8%, China 16.7%, Turkey 13.8%, UAE 10.2%, Ukraine 7.8%, Germany 5.5%, Iran 5% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$9.551 many (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$5 large number (2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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Debt - External
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 12, FM 9, shortwave 2 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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4 (government-owned as well as programmed) (2008)
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Internet Country Code
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.tm
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Airports
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28 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18-30 years of senility considering compulsory military service; 2-year draft service obligation (2007)
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