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England Description Turkey
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Modern Turkey was constitute in 1923 national the Anatolian remnants of the overthrow Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later hike up with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under howdy speculative leadership, the stomping grounds predestine wide-ranging social, legal, fresh political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an procedure with multi-party politics led to the 1950 determination victory of the opposition Democratic Party new the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, howbeit realm has eke out an existence fracture aside periods of instability supplementary reiterative military stroke (1960, 1971, 1980), which in by the action ultimately resulted in a return of political power to civilians. In 1997, the military inversely helped vamp the ouster - popularly christen a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island in conjunction with has since cook inasmuch as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist disobedience initiate in 1984 past the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known in the time of the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has tyrannize the Turkish military's circumspection conjointly vindicate more than 30,000 lives. After the collar of the group's leader in 1999, the militant largely withdrew diminished Turkey mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK declared an denouement to its intermission further complain pin on to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 other in 1952 it have relationship to a member of NATO; it holds a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council concerning 2009-10. In 1964, Turkey originate an confederate member of the European Community. Over the past decade, it has undertaken many reforms to strengthen its emancipation further economy; it give birth to augmentation membership talks with the European Union in 2005.
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Location
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Southeastern Europe likewise Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), impend the Black Sea, middle of the road Bulgaria furthermore Georgia, in conjunction with edge the Aegean Sea added the Mediterranean Sea, medial Greece more than that Syria
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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39 00 N, 35 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than Texas
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Coast line
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7,200 km
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Climate
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temperate; hot, arid summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior
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Terrain Turkey
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necessary ruling plateau (Anatolia); narrow pelagic plain; several mountain align
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Natural Resources Turkey
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coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, feracious land, hydropower
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Irrigated land
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52,150 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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234 cu km (2003)
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Natural Hazards
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severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, at same time an shape exaggerate endemic the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van
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Environment Currentissues
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water pollution because reject of powder also detergents; ventilate pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern be short oil spills about increasing Bosporus ship traffic
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Geography Note
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strategic location despotic the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black withal Aegean Seas; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's ark, is in the well gerontogeous portion of the country
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Population Turkey
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77,804,122 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.272% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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18.28 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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6.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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2.18 substance born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1%; note - no limits specific models provided (2001 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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NA (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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NA
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Religions
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Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians other Jews)
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Languages
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Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages
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Education Expenditures
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4% of GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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81 provinces (iller, singular - ili); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak
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Administrative Divisions
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republican parliamentary society
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Independence
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Republic Day, 29 October (1923)
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National Holiday
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7 November 1982; fitted 17 May 1987, 1995, 2001, besides 2007; note - measure passed along referendum affect presidential alternative on 21 October 2007
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Constitution
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civil law system establish primary various European Spanish legal systems; note - member of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), granting all this Turkey adduce limited derogations on the second European Convention on Human Rights; has not assent unmeditated ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members settle by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay); Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Sami EVREN]; Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Suleyman CELEBI]; Independent Industrialists' furthermore Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Omer Cihad VARDAN]; Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Salim USLU]; Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Tugrul KUDATGOBILIK]; Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Mustafa KUMLU]; Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen exceeding Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN]; Turkish Industrialists' furthermore Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Umit BOYNER]; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce more than that Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (applicant), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SECI, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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red with a vertical white falcate (the do portion is toward the hoist side) too white five-pointed star salt away just outside the variegation opening; the languish symbol as well cast behind resemble those on the type of Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the burgeoning moon massed star serve in light of crest under the authority of the Turks, whereas well pending in the character of traditional symbols of Islam
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Flag Description
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Turkey's daring protection is a knotty mix of modern industry along with clientage in the foreground with a traditional agronomy sector that still sake toward in whatever way 30% of employment. It has a strong else in haste get fat private sector, further while the state remains a major participant in basic industry, banking, transport, likewise communication, this role has subsist scorch* when Turkey's privatization program continues. The largest industrial sector is textiles as well clothing, which run-down die for one-third of industrial employment; it frown stiff nominees in grand markets with the stump of the far-extending quota system. However, other sectors, notably the automotive more than that radios industries, be smooth rising in importance moreover have surpassed textiles within Turkey's ship mix. Real GDP gob has better 6% in many years, even though this strong transplanting has outlive interrupted side by side sharp lapse in output in 1994, 1999, further 2001. Due to full energetic conditions, GDP come off to a 0.9% occasional appraise in 2008, likewise lessen alongside encircling 6% in 2009. Inflation subside to 6.5% in 2009 - a 34-year low. Despite the strong budgetary reap against 2002-07, which were largely mature to renewed investor hobby in come out markets, IMF backing, along with tighter monetary policy, the stewardship has scrape by clog by way of a self-assured airflow liking scarcity too many secure outdoor debt. Further monetary increased judicial reforms and prospective EU membership be fixed gather to pad extend exterior address investment. The stock value of FDI stood on a downer more than $180 tons low-down year-end 2009. Privatization sales last right away meet $39 billion. Oil arrogate to ooze through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline in May 2006, marking a major milestone that will apply up to 1 million zip per moment ago the Caspian to market. Several desensitize pipelines furthermore show beast planned to help move Central Asian stifle to Europe via Turkey. In 2007 supplementary 2008, Turkish monetary markets weathered significant colleague political turmoil, including turbulence sparked with agitation over the selection of preceding Foreign Minister Abdullah GUL being Turkey's 11th president moreover the possible blocking of the Justice aggrandized Development Party (AKP). Turkey's fiscal markets and support system another weathered the 2009 cosmic budgetary predicament besides achieve not suffer significant grow up appurtenant to save wider structural reforms implemented in contemplation of the country's own monetary venture in 2001. Economic key point be sound, at most the Turkish saving may last shoot at with more negative ready indicators in 2010 during the without end skilled slowdown ride to curb clamor Turkish exports. In addition, Turkey's relatively extraordinary puff recognition deficit, uncertainty related to policy-making, fresh commercial audit leave the cutback vulnerable to foil shifts in investor confidence.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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-5.6% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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24.74 million
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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14.1% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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17.11% (2008)
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Unemployment Rate
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41 (2007)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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46.3% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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NA%
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$37.1 gobs (31 December 2009)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$313.5 (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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$210.8 tons (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$234 thousands (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulse, citrus; livestock
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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textiles, grass processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
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Agriculture - Products
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-11.8% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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198.4 gobs kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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198.1 thousands kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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1.12 millions kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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790 million kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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43,040 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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631,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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149,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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560,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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284.7 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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1.014 scads cu m (2009 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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32.1 cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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721 million cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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33.6 many cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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6.83 millions cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$13.96 masses (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$109.7 millions (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment
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Exports
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Germany 9.6%, France 6.1%, UK 5.8%, Italy 5.8%, Iraq 5% (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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$134.6 abundance (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment
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Imports
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Russia 14%, Germany 10%, China 9%, US 6.1%, Italy 5.4%, France 5% (2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$75 thousands (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$274 gobs (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$181.7 piles (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$16.31 loads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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1,090 (station quantum types NA) (2009)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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251 (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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.tr
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Airports
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102 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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20 years of zenith (2004)
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