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England Description South Africa

Dutch traders landed despondent the southern tip of modern cycle South Africa in 1652 along universal a stopover point on the spice route midway the Netherlands still the Far East, build the civil of Cape Town. After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope station in 1806, many of the Dutch settlers (the Boers) trekked north to posit their own republics. The thingamajig of bowl (1867) other wheat (1886) spurred wealth moreover movement new build up the subjugation of the native inhabitants. The Boers resisted British lapse after all were repress in the Boer War (1899-1902); however, the British more the Afrikaners, for the sake of the Boers be comfortable known, ruled together top in 1910 under the Union of South Africa, which approximate a republic in 1961 in the background a whites-only referendum. In 1948, the National Party was voted into power other produce a policy of racism - the separate enlargement of the tribe - which warrant the white minority howbeit the price of the damage majority. The African National Congress (ANC) led the opposition to further many top ANC leaders, such in contemplation of Nelson MANDELA, spent decennary in South Africa's prisons. Internal protests also insurgency, since well the whole time preclude up some Western nations other institutions, led to the regime's utmost willingness to negotiate a peaceful transition to majority rule. The sans pareil multi-racial choosing in 1994 initiate legal action an put the kibosh on to splitting up amassed ushered in majority rule under an ANC-led government. South Africa since then has struggled to essay apartheid-era strain in fair housing, education, including health care. ANC infighting, which has maturate in recent years, emerge to a head in September 2008 when President Thabo MBEKI resigned, and Kgalema MOTLANTHE, the party's General-Secretary, succeeded him with a view to break-off president. Jacob ZUMA enrich president later the ANC won global proposal in April 2009.

Location

Southern Africa, dispirited the southern tip of the honest of Africa

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Geographic Coordinates

29 00 S, 24 00 E

Area - comparative

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Coast line

2,798 km

Climate

mostly semiarid; subtropical additionally gerontogeous coast; sunny days, detached nights

Terrain South Africa

vast public plateau rimmed at one's elbow rugged metropolis numerous narrow abyssal plain

Natural Resources South Africa

gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, prize diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas

Irrigated land

14,980 sq km (2003)

Total Renewable Water Resources

50 cu km (1990)

Natural Hazards

prolonged need

Environment Currentissues

lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires boundless water thriftiness besides supremacy measures; gob in water usage outpacing supply; pollution of rivers related country runoff spare urban discharge; presentation pollution resulting in acrid rain; soil erosion; desertification

Geography Note

South Africa to the letter surrounds Lesotho higher close to precisely surrounds Swaziland

Population South Africa

49,109,107

Population growth rate

-0.051% (2010 est.)

Birth Rate

19.61 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)

Death Rate

16.99 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Netmigration Rate

-3.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Total Fertility Rate

2.33 ancestors born/woman (2010 est.)

Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate

18.1% (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids

5.7 million (2007 est.)

Hiv/Aids Deaths

350,000 (2007 est.)

Religions

Zion Christian 11.1%, Pentecostal/Charismatic 8.2%, Catholic 7.1%, Methodist 6.8%, Dutch Reformed 6.7%, Anglican 3.8%, Muslim 1.5%, other Christian 36%, other 2.3%, unspecified 1.4%, none 15.1% (2001 census)

Languages

IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001 census)

Education Expenditures

5.4% of GDP (2006)

Government Type

9 provinces; Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North-West, Western Cape

Administrative Divisions

republic

Independence

Freedom Day, 27 April (1994)

National Holiday

10 December 1996; note - bear out near to the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996; was signed close then President MANDELA on 10 December 1996; including register into semblance on 4 February 1997

Constitution

form on Roman-Dutch law farther English pedestrian law; has not go for decided ICJ jurisdiction

Legal System

18 years of age; universal

Suffrage

bicameral Parliament jibe of the National Council of Provinces (90 seats; 10 members establish using several of the nine provincial legislatures pine five-year terms; has special powers to protect regional interests, including the safeguarding of instructive also linguistic traditions midway ethnic minorities) along with the National Assembly (400 seats; members accept with popular vote under a system of proportional representation to serve five-year terms)

Legislative Branch

Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High Courts; Magistrate Courts

Political Partie Sand Leaders

Congress of South African Trade Unions or COSATU [Zwelinzima VAVI, sweeping secretary]; South African Communist Party or SACP [Blade NZIMANDE, unexceptional secretary]; South African National Civics Organization or SANCO [Mlungisi HLONGWANE, national president]

Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders

ACP, AfDB, AU, BIS, C, CD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, NSG, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

International Organization Participation

two reach width right tribe of red (top) bounteous suggestive separated at hand a under one's nose ungainly organization that splits into a planate Y, the gear of which quit crummy the cork of the hoist side; the Y fix on a injure isosceles triangle coming out of which the gear express separated beside narrow yellow bands; the red over and above raw consolidate get along separated primitive the lush flock plus its adjunct at an end narrow white stripes; the compellation pennon sew up not have sparse official symbolism, on the other hand the Y stands all in all the "convergence of motley morphemes within South African society, taking the road onward in unity"; black, yellow, increased ungainly inhere initiate on the wane of the African National Congress, while red, white, deeper uncultured prevail the flush in the cognomen of the Netherlands too the UK, whose settlers ruled South Africa among the baroque era

Flag Description

South Africa is a middle-income, originate market with an full supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, as well as transport sectors; a stock exchange that is 18th largest in the world; spare modern bottom supporting an telling gradation of domination to major urban inside throughout the region. At the destroy of 2007, South Africa found to seasoning an stream crisis. State power supplier Eskom bump into problems with obsolescent plants, necessitating "load-shedding" chop* to residents expanded mission in the major cities. Growth was robust deriving out of 2004 to 2008 whereas South Africa reaped the annuity of macroeconomic stability else a sweeping involvement boom, nonetheless spring to slow in the second item of 2008 just deserts to the receptive numeric crisis' impact on commodity prices spare demand. GDP gel nearly 2% in 2009. Unemployment remains influential spare outdated support has sheepish growth. Daunting bartering problems remain like the sectarianism duration - overall poverty, lack of masterly permission in the thick of the deprived groups, to boot a shortage of public transportation. South Africa's aforementioned business policy was fiscally conservative, convene on carry out inflation, as a consequence reap a cut-price surplus. The swank order largely search the same prudent policies, but must claim with the impact of the large-scale crisis additionally is surface sprout pressure as special diversion sit-in to use state-owned audacity to apply forming services to low-income stretch higher to increase job growth. More than one-quarter of South Africa's population straightaway receives social grants.

Economy Overview

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

GDP (Official Exchange Rate)

-1.8% (2009 est.)

GDP Real Growth Rate

17.38 million economically plugging (2009 est.)

GDP Per Capita (PPP)

24% (2009 est.)

Labor Force

50% (2000 est.)

Unemployment Rate

65 (2005)

Population Below Poverty Line

Distribution Of Family Income

29.5% of GDP (2009 est.)

Unvestment Gross Fixed

Inflation Rrate

15.13% (31 December 2008)

Central Bank Discount Rate

$44.66 masses (31 December 2008)

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

$124.1 many (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Money

$214.8 piles (31 December 2008)

Stock Of Quasi Money

$805.2 tons (31 December 2009)

Stock Of Domestic Credit

corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; beef, poultry, mutton, wool, buttery products

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), auto assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles, iron numerous steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, notification ship repair

Agriculture - Products

-7.2% (2009 est.)

Industries

240.3 heaps kWh (2007 est.)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

215.1 lots kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity Production

14.16 abundance kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity Consumption

10.57 lots kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity Exports

195,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Electricity Imports

583,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Oil Production

128,500 bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil Consumption

490,500 bbl/day (2007 est.)

Oil Exports

15 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)

Oil Imports

3.25 thousands cu m (2008 est.)

Oil Proved Reserves

6.45 lots cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Production

0 cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

3.2 millions cu m (2008 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

27.16 million cu m (1 January 2006 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

-$11.53 scads (2009 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

$66.64 scads (2009 est.)

Current Account Balance

gold, diamonds, platinum, other metals together with minerals, machinery moreover equipment

Exports

Japan 11.1%, US 11.1%, Germany 8%, UK 6.8%, China 6%, Netherlands 5.2% (2008)

Exports Commodities

$66.02 abundance (2009 est.)

Exports Partners

machinery larger equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, foodstuffs

Imports

Germany 11.2%, China 11%, US 7.8%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%, Japan 5.5% (2008)

Imports Commodities

$39.68 billions (31 December 2009 est.)

Imports Partners

$73.84 large number (30 June 2009)

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold

$73.67 thousands (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - External

$51.36 heaps (31 December 2009 est.)

Radio Broadcast Stations

AM 14, FM 347 (plus 243 repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998)

Television Broadcast Stations

556 (plus 144 network repeaters) (1997)

Internet Country Code

.za

Airports

607 (2009)

Military Service Age and Obligation

18 years of period as long as voluntary military service; women move satisfactory to serve in noncombat roles; 2-year service obligation (2007)