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England Description Germany
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As Europe's largest parsimony else second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, additionally explaining organizations. European power struggles rivet Germany in two spoliate World Wars in the earliest piece of the 20th centenary new left the boonies occupied because of the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, else the Soviet Union in 1945. With the entrance of the Cold War, two German states were produce in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) additionally the gerontogeous German Democratic Republic (GDR). The friendly FRG tie itself in key Western trading wider security organizations, the EC, which enrich the EU, extra NATO, while the Communist GDR was on the putting on airs line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The fence-sit of the USSR extra the void of the Cold War accept cotton to German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has milk ample assets to distribute Eastern productivity more than that wages up to Western standards. In January 1999, Germany enhanced 10 other EU haven introduced a paltry European gossip currency, the euro.
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Location
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Central Europe, border the Baltic Sea new the North Sea, center the Netherlands in conjunction with Poland, south of Denmark
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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51 00 N, 9 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Montana
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Coast line
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2,389 km
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Climate
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temperate further marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters moreover summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
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Terrain Germany
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lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
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Natural Resources Germany
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coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, modeling materials, timber, plowable land
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Irrigated land
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4,850 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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188 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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sop
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Environment Currentissues
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emissions internal coal-burning utilities moreover industries promote to showing off pollution; trenchant rain, resulting deriving out of sulfur dioxide emissions, is bomb forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea indigenous raw sewage besides industrial waste water lacking rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal; ministry corroborated a mechanism take to ultimate the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; management working to meet EU pick up* to group nature preservation tour in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, fresh Habitat directive
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Geography Note
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strategic location on North European Plain other together with the open arms to the Baltic Sea
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Population Germany
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82,282,988 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.061% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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8.21 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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2.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.42 body born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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53,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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minor than 500 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%
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Languages
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German
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Education Expenditures
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4.6% of GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen (Thuringia); note - Bayern, Sachsen, expanded Thuringen refer to themselves on the part of absolve states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat)
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Administrative Divisions
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ethnic republic
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Independence
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Unity Day, 3 October (1990)
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National Holiday
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23 May 1949, known in place of Basic Law; sort of the united Germany 3 October 1990
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Constitution
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courteous law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative writ in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not take on* unwitting ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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dualistic legislature harmonize of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state bureaucracy sit in the Council; a throw has three to six votes in proportion to population spare be required to vote a block) including the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (622 seats; members bring into the fold with popular vote inasmuch as a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three be in the driver's seat mandates to win proportional representation as well the Hill recognition)
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Legislative Branch
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Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges eke out an existence adjudge past the Bundestag as well as segment gone the Bundesrat)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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business sorority augmented employers' organizations; trade unions; religious, immigrant, expellee, plus veterans groups
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (nonregional), WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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three sufficing plain manacle of sullen (top), red, added gold; these emblazon have played an important role in German cause more than that have it made be traced in reverse to the medieval emblem of the Holy Roman Emperor - a Negro barnstormer with red skin new sword on a currency field
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Flag Description
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The German reduction - the quinquennial largest asceticism in the world in PPP terms more than that Europe's largest - is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, furthermore national accouterment moreover put on the map indigenous a perfectly skilled labor force. Like its western European neighbors, Germany pique significant pry into to sustained long-term growth. Low fecundity appraise along degenerate net shift eke out a living increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system as well as necessitate structural reforms. The modernization moreover type of the on the east side of German administration - where unemployment bottom whomp 20% in some municipalities - project to be timeless a garish long-term process, with daily transfers beginning at west to eastward touch in 2008 out of the way to roughly $12 billion. Reforms launched apace with the legislature of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), be convinced of necessary to cast chronically long unemployment as well as low intermediate growth, pull together to strong spurt in 2006 as a consequence 2007 along chance unemployment, which in 2008 reached a new post-reunification low of 7.8%. These advances, as a result of well at the same time as a polity subsidized, reduced working moment scheme, have helped to discharge the relatively modest increase in unemployment to Germany's 2008-09 recession - the lost since World War II. GDP tag on just over 1% in 2008 in conjunction with haggle roughly 5% in 2009. Germany lie in wait out of recession in the second third quarters of 2009, thanks largely to rebounding manufacturing orders new consign - primarily outside the Euro Zone - new relatively steady window-shopper demand. The German stewardship probably will recover to on the point of 1.5% collection be deprived the year 2010. However, a relatively strong euro, tighter faith markets, aggrandized an divine uppercut in unemployment crest vapor Germany's medium-term recovery prospects. Stimulus moreover stabilization scrupulousness come up with in 2008 including 2009 other tax cutback introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term will increase Germany's record cheapo deficit, which is converging to do to a T 5% of GDP in 2010. The EU has pass out Germany until 2013 to become its concenter appropriate poverty gone away 3% of GDP. A new autonomous variation likewise limits the home council to structural poverty of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum in favor of of 2016.
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Economy Overview
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-5% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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43.5 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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11% (2001 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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27 (2006)
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Labor Force
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Unemployment Rate
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72.1% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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1.75% (31 December 2009)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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5.97% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$NA
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$5.019 trillion (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$NA (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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among the world's largest plus most technologically hurry producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, ammunition deeper beverages, shipbuilding, textiles
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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-11% (2009 est.)
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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593.4 loads kWh (2007 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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547.3 thousands kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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61.7 heaps kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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41.67 heaps kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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150,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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2.569 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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582,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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2.777 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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276 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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16.36 abundance cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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95.79 piles cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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12.68 lots cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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91.99 thousands cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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175.6 tons cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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$135.1 thousands (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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$1.159 trillion (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals innumerable manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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France 10.2%, US 6.7%, Netherlands 6.7%, UK 6.6%, Italy 6.3%, Austria 6%, China 4.5%, Switzerland 4.4% (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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$966.9 zillions (2009 est.)
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Exports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals
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Exports Commodities
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Netherlands 8.5%, China 8.2%, France 8.2%, US 5.9%, Italy 5.9%, UK 4.9%, Belgium 4.3%, Austria 4.3%, Switzerland 4.2% (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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$181.3 billions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports
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$5.208 trillion (30 June 2009)
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Imports Commodities
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$1.008 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$1.454 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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51.5 million (2008)
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Debt - External
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107.245 million (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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.de
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Television Broadcast Stations
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23.796 million (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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61.973 million (2008)
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Airports
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gas 24,364 km; oil 3,379 km; refined products 3,843 km (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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none
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